// AI Glossary A–Z

Every AI term, defined.

A living dictionary of 109 AI concepts — from foundational terms to cutting-edge techniques. Search or browse alphabetically.

All A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
CONCEPT
Neural Network
A neural network is a system of interconnected mathematical units (neurons) organised in layers. Information…
CONCEPT
Neuromorphic Computing
Neuromorphic computing designs hardware that mimics the brain’s architecture — using spiking neural networks and…
CONCEPT
NLP (Natural Language Processing)
Natural Language Processing (NLP) is the field of AI that enables computers to understand, interpret,…
CONCEPT
Object Detection
Object detection identifies what objects are in an image and exactly where each one is…
CONCEPT
OCR (Optical Character Recognition)
OCR (Optical Character Recognition) converts images of text — scanned documents, photos of signs, handwritten…
CONCEPT
One-Shot Learning
One-shot learning is the ability to recognise or classify something from just one example —…
CONCEPT
Overfitting
Overfitting is when a model memorises training data instead of learning general patterns — achieving…
CONCEPT
Parameters
Parameters are the numerical values a neural network learns during training — the weights and…
CONCEPT
Perceptron
A perceptron is the simplest neural network — a single artificial neuron that takes weighted…
CONCEPT
Predictive Analytics
Predictive analytics uses historical data and machine learning to forecast future outcomes — predicting customer…
CONCEPT
Pretraining
Pretraining is the first massive phase of AI model training — training on an enormous…
CONCEPT
Prompt Engineering
Prompt engineering is the skill of designing inputs to LLMs to get better, more reliable…
CONCEPT
Prompt Injection
Prompt injection is a security attack where malicious instructions hidden in user input or external…
CONCEPT
PyTorch
PyTorch is Meta’s open-source deep learning framework — the toolkit most AI researchers and engineers…
CONCEPT
Q-Learning
Q-Learning is a reinforcement learning algorithm that learns which actions are best in every situation…
CONCEPT
Quantization
Quantization reduces the numerical precision of model weights from 32-bit to 8-bit or 4-bit —…
CONCEPT
RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation)
RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation) lets an LLM answer questions using your own documents rather than just…
CONCEPT
Recommender System
A recommender system predicts what a specific user will want next — based on their…
CONCEPT
Regression
Regression predicts a continuous numerical value — house price, sales forecast, patient recovery time, energy…
CONCEPT
Reinforcement Learning (RL)
Reinforcement learning is machine learning by trial and reward — an agent acts in an…
CONCEPT
RLHF (Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback)
RLHF (Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback) is the training technique that transforms a raw pretrained…
CONCEPT
RNN (Recurrent Neural Network)
An RNN (Recurrent Neural Network) processes sequential data by maintaining a hidden state — a…
CONCEPT
Self-Supervised Learning
Self-supervised learning trains models on unlabelled data by having them predict hidden parts of their…
CONCEPT
Semantic Search
Semantic search retrieves results based on meaning rather than keyword matching. Query “affordable cars” and…
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