// AI Glossary A–Z

Every AI term, defined.

A living dictionary of 109 AI concepts — from foundational terms to cutting-edge techniques. Search or browse alphabetically.

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CONCEPT
Activation Function — What It Is, Why Neural Networks Cannot Work Without It
An activation function is a mathematical formula inside each neuron of a neural network that…
CONCEPT
Agentic AI — What It Is, How It Works & Why It Is the Biggest Shift in AI Since ChatGPT
Agentic AI is AI that acts — not just responds. Instead of answering a question,…
CONCEPT
AI Bias — What It Is, Where It Comes From & Why It Is One of AI’s Most Urgent Problems
AI bias is when an AI system produces systematically unfair outputs because it learned from…
CONCEPT
Algorithm
An algorithm is a step-by-step set of instructions that tells a computer how to solve…
CONCEPT
Anomaly Detection — What It Is, How It Works & Why It Catches Problems Before They Escalate
Anomaly detection is AI that learns what normal looks like in your data — then…
CONCEPT
API (Application Programming Interface)
An API (Application Programming Interface) is a set of rules that lets two software systems…
CONCEPT
Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) — What It Is, What It Isn’t, and Where We Actually Stand
⚡ AGI is a machine that can learn, reason, and perform any intellectual task a…
CONCEPT
Artificial Intelligence (AI) — What It Is, How It Works & Why It Changes Everything
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is technology that enables machines to learn from data, recognise patterns, and…
CONCEPT
Artificial Neural Network (ANN) — What It Is, How It Works & Why It Powers All Modern AI
TL;DR: An Artificial Neural Network is a computer system loosely inspired by the human brain.…
CONCEPT
AutoML (Automated Machine Learning)
AutoML (Automated Machine Learning) is technology that automatically builds, selects, and optimises machine learning models…
CONCEPT
Backpropagation
Backpropagation is the algorithm that trains neural networks. After each prediction, it measures how wrong…
CONCEPT
Bayesian Network — What It Is, How Probabilistic Reasoning Works & Real Use Cases
A Bayesian Network is a diagram that maps cause-and-effect relationships between variables and uses probability…
CONCEPT
BERT — What It Is, How It Reads Language in Both Directions & Why It Changed Search Forever
BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) is Google’s 2018 language model that reads every word…
CONCEPT
Big Data — What It Is, the 3 Vs, and Why AI Cannot Exist Without It
Big Data is data too large, fast-moving, or complex for traditional databases to handle. It…
CONCEPT
Black Box AI — What It Is, Why It Matters & the Push for Explainability
Black Box AI is any AI system that produces an output but cannot explain how…
CONCEPT
Boosting — How Combining Many Weak Models Creates One Powerful One
Boosting is a machine learning technique that trains models sequentially — each one learning from…
CONCEPT
Chatbot — What It Is, How It Works & the Leap from Scripts to AI
A chatbot is software that simulates conversation with humans through text or voice. Early chatbots…
CONCEPT
Classification
Classification is a machine learning task where the model learns to assign inputs into predefined…
CONCEPT
Clustering
Clustering is an unsupervised machine learning technique that groups data points by similarity — without…
CONCEPT
Data Mining
Data mining is the process of automatically discovering patterns, correlations, and insights in large datasets…
CONCEPT
Dataset
A dataset is a structured collection of data used to train, validate, or test a…
CONCEPT
Decision Tree
A decision tree is a machine learning model that predicts by asking a series of…
CONCEPT
Deep Learning
Deep learning is machine learning using neural networks with many layers — “deep” refers to…
CONCEPT
Deepfake
A deepfake is AI-generated video, audio, or image content where a real person appears to…
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